Hindi Languages

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Hindi languages

The Hindi languages, also known as the Madhya languages and the Central Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages, is a dialect continuum in the Hindi zone spoken across northern India that descend from the Madhya Prakrits. The Western Hindi languages include Hindustani, of which the official languages of India and Pakistan, Standard Hindi and Urdu, are mutually intelligible standardizations of the Khariboli dialect, the prestige dialect of Hindustani. The coherence of this group depends on the classification being used; here only Eastern and Western Hindi will be considered.

Languages

If there can be considered a consensus within the dialectology of Hindi proper, it is that it can be split into two sets of dialects: Western and Eastern Hindi. Western Hindi evolved from the Apabhramsa form of Shauraseni Prakrit, Eastern Hindi from Ardhamagadhi. Spoken hindi classes in chennai.

Western Hindi

Braj Bhasha (Brajbhakha), spoken in western Uttar Pradesh and adjacent districts of Rajasthan and Haryana
Haryanvi (Bangaru), spoken in the states of Haryana and Delhi.
Bundeli, spoken ...
... in south-western Uttar Pradesh and west-central Madhya Pradesh.
Kannauji, spoken in west-central Uttar Pradesh.
Hindustani, including the standard vernacular dialect Khariboli, spoken in western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.

Eastern Hindi

Awadhi, spoken in north and north-central Uttar Pradesh.
Bagheli, spoken in north-central Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Chhattisgarhi, spoken in southeast Madhya Pradesh and northern and central Chhattisgarh.

Romani, Domari, Lomavren, and Seb Seliyer (or at least their ancestors) appear to be Central Zone languages that migrated to the Middle East and Europe ca. 500–1000 CE in three distinct waves. Parya is a Central Zone language of Central Asia. Communiqua is one of the leading center for learning hindi classes in Chennai.

To Western Hindi Ethnologue adds Sansi, Powari, Chamari (a spurious language), Bhaya, Gowli (not a separate language), and Ghera.

This analysis excludes varieties sometimes claimed for Hindi for cultural reasons, such as Bihari, Rajasthani, and Pahari.

Use in culturally non-Hindi regions in the subcontinent

Urdu is the official language of Pakistan. Although only the native language of 7% of the population, it is nearly universal as a second language among the literate.
Bombay Hindi ("Bombay Bat"), the dialect of the city of Mumbai (Bombay); it is based on Hindustani but heavily influenced by Marathi. Technically it is a pidgin, i.e. neither is it a native language of any people nor is it used in formal settings by the educated and upper social strata.
Dakhini, including Hyderabadi Urdu, and Bangalori Urdu, a dialect of Urdu spoken in the present areas of the erstwhile Hyderabad State, and the historical Deccan region. There is a small but distinct difference between Dakhini and standard Hindi-Urdu, which is bigger the further south it is spoken.
Kolkata Hindi, a Khariboli-based pidgin spoken in the city of Calcutta (Kolkata), Shillong, etc.; heavily influenced by Bhojpuri and Bengali.
Andaman Creole Hindi is a trade language of the Andaman Islands.
Fiji Hindi is an Eastern Hindi lingua-franca that developed among Indo-Fijians.