Arguments And Premises

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The word logic is derived from the Greek word “logos”, which means thought and word. Logic is a study of reasoning. Logic is quality of being justified by reasoning.

Arguments

In logic, thinking is a systematic and active process. This process of logic is called “arguments”. An argument is defined as a process in which from given proposition we pass to a new proposition. It is a transition from given judgment to a new judgment.

Arguments are a group of proposition or statements in which one or more propositions are offered as reasons for another proposition.

Properties of arguments

Logic deals with arguments or reasoning.
Arguments may be valid or invalid inference.
Arguments consist of premises and conclusion.
Both are propositions or statements which are either true or false.
Premises and conclusions are also called as declarative sentence, statement, propositions, etc.

Form of arguments

Premises (1)

Premises (2)

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Therefore conclusion

Example:

All poets are artists

Rabindranath Tagore is a poet

Therefore Rabindranath Tagore is an artist

All arguments are have a structure, which may be discovered through analysis or can be either deliberately designed.

Premises and conclusion

The propositions which are offered as a reason or evidence, but which is not proven are called as premises. The premise acts as a building block of the argument. Sometimes there may be more than two premises in an argument.

The proposition for which reasons are given and drawn from the premises of the argument is called as conclusions.

Example: 1 Every honest man is trusted (premises 1)

Every good man is honest (premises 2)

Therefore every good man is trusted (conclusion)

Example: 2 All men are mortal

Socrates is a man

Therefore are men are mortal

The proof of the premises depends on both the validity of arguments and proof of the premises.

All arguments are divided into 2 types on the basis relation between premises and conclusion. They are_ deductive inference and inductive inference.

Inductive Reasoning is the process reaching a general conclusion by examining specific examples. All though mathematics is referred to as the deductive science it benefits from inductive reasoning. We gather patterns in the mathematical behavior of a phenomenon, and then find a formula for describing and predicting its future mathematical behavior. There are lots of various kinds of guess that may be of interest. In general, a discussion in which disagreement is expressed is called as arguments. In mathematics an independent variable of a function is called as arguments. In this article we shall discuss about study arguments and inductive reasoning.

Study Arguments and Inductive Reasoning Example:

When he is not playing football for the brook stone bears, Alex designs web pages a bike dealership paid Alex 1000 to start a site with photos of its bikes. The dealer also agreed to pay Alex 100 for each customer who buys a bike first viewed on the web site.

Questions for Study Arguments and Inductive Reasoning Example:

1. Write and explain a rule that tells how much the dealership will pay Alex for the design of the web site and sale of n bikes from his web site.

2. How many bikes have to be sold from his site in order for Alex to get $1,000 from the dealership?

Answers for Study Arguments and Inductive Reasoning Example:

1. Alex’s payment will be the initial 1000 plus 100 for each sale. Translated into mathematical language, if Alex sells n bikes he will be paid a total of 1000 + 100n dollars.

2. He earned 1000 just by establishing the site, so he only needs to earn an additional 1000, which at 100 per bike requires the sale of only 10 bikes (Note: another way to solve this problem is to use the rule found in the first question. In that case, you simply solve the equation 1000 + 100 n = 1000 for the variable n.)

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