Peruvian Music History

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Unfortunately there is no real file or documentation on the music native to the regions of the Peruvian coast that predates the arrival of the Incas or the Spaniards. Some patterns of the past were certainly tribal, and presumably was linked to pagan rituals in the ancient civilizations of the costacosteras.

In the manuscripts left by the Spaniards we can find some pointers. Then transcribe some paragraphs that talk about: Of these customs confirmaciópon having obtained some Mochica ceramics, where pottery has set itself a expresióòn stunned beodoorracho in the face of a man, two women quemientras dragging away. At other times it looks like the ebrioborracho away so you can sleep mona.

The music was strictly linked to the dance, which in turn advised religion. All dances, masks and costumes were a form of expression and religious ritual important and integral part of ciertamene were the source of the prevailing collective hypnosis during the celebrations. This type of music and dance with long Yuncos survived one of the coastal peoples. During colonial times and by the end of seven, under the direction ...
... of Bishop Martinez Compañon, artists left fascinating testimony, many of these dances were performed well into the 800. In Madrid, in 1936, it published a list of more than 200 dances with allusions to the costumes. Victor Von Hagen, with his work, has opened new perspectives to the historical chronology, revealing that the Chimu, Mochica civilization was a precursor of all the peoples of the Americas.

Music in Peru and the Americas begins with the story of the first inhabitants of the region, and this column is devoted in part to the history of Western music from Peru.

To learn about the native music of the Americas, or that which existed before the arrival of the Spaniards, it is necessary to seek the roots of the music of ancient people are speaking so pre music. The ethno-musicologists agree on the limited data, which is only palliative Spanish chronicles some of those times.

The arrival of Western music shows etapasa a training division in the American Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo style, the classic, the Republican era, the romantic, the indigenous, the modern music of the first half of the twentieth century - to to contemporary music.

Spaniards who arrived early in the sixteenth century were soldiers, and warriors knew songs or rural, Monod, which existed in medieval times - first under Arab influence barbaric and then, appearing later in the Renaissance. But alongside the soldiers, it is remarkable the presence of clergy, who used music as a weapon of religious conversion, achieving such influence the Indians. It introduced the "Organum," which is a primitive form of polyphony in which to base a song and then joined other voices singing church or monophonic Gregorian and Renaissance polyphony. Thus born the first manifestations contaminated, that is mixed forms of musical expression.

In the sixteenth century starts in the book "Hanac Pachap" the father of the Franciscan Juan Perez Bocanegra, dedicated in part to the "Institutional Ritual", a song written for the procession, admirably, in Quechua language, namely the ancient language Inca Empire. We can say that this book is the first indication he has arrived from the western region. There is however no doubt that the author is a Franciscan, because it is believed that the work has been written by an educated Indian or - alternatively - by another religious group, unknown, said that the work would simply transcribed aponiendo signature. Anyway Treaty is a polyphonic obrapera Renaissance style, with musical cadences of middle-low, and some rare passages pentafónicos significant shortage of quality.

At this point it should be pointed qque America remembered not only as many believe, United States, but. America is a huge continent divided geographically into North, Central, Caribbean and South America.
Turning to Peru, the main religious centers of the country were Cuzco, Lima and Trujillo, with other less relevant as Arequipa, Huanuco, and other Huamanga. In all churches are playing music or voice with the body. Many musicians from Spanish as Cristobal Belzayaga, Pedro Jimenez, Jose de Campderrós,, Gutierrez Fernandez Hidalgo, came to the country and introduced the music of Palestrina, Morales, Correa de Arauxo, Cabanillas, Aguilera de Heredia, Herrera, etc.-ether.

In the late seventeenth century Baroque music comes to Peru at the time dominated by carols. songs that are running - in which both polyphonic Monaural - Spanish in the Christmas period. Consisting of verses and chorus, with forms in Spanish melodic verses that alternate pairs. In general the "Christmas Carol" is polyphonic, the "chorus" is imitative counterpoint with ternary rhythm, with songs in binary rhythm and style similar to coral omofónico German. Accompanied the body of a continuous low, or the harp along with the cello.

These forms were written for all functions of the church calendar. Originally came from Spain, but with the arrival of European musicians were made in Peru, made by foreigners at the beginning but then because of Peruvians themselves. Thomas and Torrejón Velasco, Spanish great musician, was the author of the first known American opera, "The Purple Rose of", with text by Calderon de la Barca, which was presented in Lima in 1701. Other artists of the time as Juan de Araujo (16646-1712) is famous for its Christmas carols ( "Fire of Love", "The star of Cóflades") (black), or as Ingnacio Quispe (Cuzco), author of " For those of buengusto gentlemen. " Over the years the original Spanish style is influenced Italian singing with introducciñn Monod, the bass, the use of instrumental music with two violins and viola with the Asolo, etc..

In Peru, the introduction of the Italian flavor is mainly due to a Virrey such Manuel de Oms and Santa Pau, Marquis two Rius Castell, who had come close to the great Italian musician Rocco Cerruti (1688-1760). Dry recitative is introduced based on the tone and emphasis on continuous, that is the most profound of any vocal or instrumental piece of music whose role it is to sustain the song. He still thought the harmonic and "forced", when the interpreter can not change the time of their own, and the air "da capo". It was composed operas as "The Best Perseo Shield", "Triumph of Love and Power" and in the Neapolitan style, the farce "A sing a carol." In Cuzco appear Esteban Ponce de Leon, composer of the serenade "Come, come, Deities"

Born around 1706 in the city of Huacho Orejón and Jose Aparicio, which will become a great Baroque composer. Their influence Neapolitan operas demonstrate their total mastery of this compositional technique - which was in vogue in this period. Under the direct influence of early logrñ Cerruti adjustments, improving the model, among his most famous works can be cited "Butterfly", the cantata "Ah the godurria" and "Passion According to St. John." It is also known that he has written music for organ, but his work is not known. Chapel was Master of the Cathedral of Lima and died there in 1975.

In the period from mid to late eighteenth century, gained popularity music stage, all the tonadilla theater. These pieces were skits during which popular songs and rhythms. Some names of people so well known: Bartolomé Massa, Rafael Soria and especially "the Perricholi", which was the lover of the viceroy and Juniet Amat. In recent years initialed the decline of the Peruvian Baroque music, not by UEL fu'sustituida classic but for something like a simplification of it, with elements derived from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, however, that did not become a new style . Looking to Spain adopted a style derived from omofónico Scarlatti, Carlo Broschi "Farinelli" and Boccherini, style which in turn influenced the Hispanic world. To this period belong Toribio del Campo and Pando.

The Genoese introduced Andrea Bolognesi operations Cimarosa, Paissiello and Rossini; from the archives of the Cathedral of Lima was extracted and transcribed into modern operas in which they made use of the mensural unfortunately destroying the originals are considered obsolete and useless. Bonifacio Llaque, composer of religious music and master of the Cathedral Chapel of Lima was forced, along with other musicians, to be entrusted with the task under penalty of being deprived of the salary. Thus ending an era of booming music and opened a dark period in which the art of the sound was lagging.

CREOLE MUSIC

We can easily say that this genre was born in the last century, combined - thanks to its remarkable tenderness - in symbiotic harmony with the melody and rhythm with impeccable lyricism of folk singers and poets. Some observations are necessary, however. It pñiensa erroneously to talk about music or Peru Peru is talking only of a certain type of music, and little or nothing stereotypical original. Peruvian music is much more, because there are several types of them - mostly unknown in Italy.

Podesmos affirm the existence of a vast number of rhythms, sounds, dances with a thousand shades of color, of course, the sentiments expressed cadauno. Africans who came to Peru during the colonial period, as slaves, came from different countries - among them not to have a common language. Black, in Peru, he had to learn the language of their Spanish masters. Africans who came to the new world remained hidden for centuries, their cultural expressions: song, dance and faith, but the tramandaron orally. Today, thanks to search specialists these traditions - which were labeled as foclóristicas - are getting to be known. The poet Cesar Calvo wrote these verses:

Spain reached us Christ
but also the pattern,
and pattern, just as Christ
andalusia black crucified

DANCES AND DANCE: THE MARINERA

There are rhythms such as the Marinera, named in honor of the Peruvian navy, and especially thanks to Miguel Grau, called "Knight of the Seas." During the Pacific War was a clever strategist in the battles of that sad chapter of history, which involved estuvierno interests and nations, but will be remembered above all as a person who was distinguished by its human face of the enemies then.

In the specific case of the genus Creole, according to statements derived from ethnological dialects Haitians mixed with French, theory supported by the oldest definitions in our possession, the names of songs and music that was brought up by the black population who came to America. Dances as they once were called "Chile" and "Zamacueca" were successively called "Sailor" by A. Gamarra. It is a dance of African origin whose characteristics are a strong Spanish: It is one of the most famous folk dances, like a courtship dance and flamenco with a precise structure that offers a magnificent spectacle, intriguing.
Daniel Silva is the owner of several musica websites in english and spanish.