Statements Of Oil Spill Dispersant

By Author: sudarshan singh
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Dispersants are a common product used to clean and control oil spills in the ocean. They are special fluid chemicals that bond to the oil molecules and separate them from water molecules thus breaking up the oil. Dispersants are usually used on the surface of the ocean and distributed by aircraft flying over an oil spill. A variety of perspectives exist about the value and potential of dispersing surface slicks of spilled oil or refined products. These perspectives reflect varying degrees of knowledge and opinions about dispersants and the fate and effects of dispersed oil in the environment. It is important to recognize that avoiding a decision to apply dispersants due to lack of sufficient information or understanding may place some resources at risk that otherwise would be protected if dispersants were used effectively. The objective of dispersant use is to transfer oil from the water surface into the water column. When applied before spills reach the coastline, dispersants will potentially decrease exposure for surface dwelling organisms and intertidal species while increasing it for water-column and benthic species. Dispersants ...
... are a blend of surfactants in a solvent. The solvent has two functions: to act as a thinner, reducing the viscosity of the surfactant so that it can be sprayed and to promote the penetration of the surfactant into oil slick. Oil spills can cause a lot of distress to affected communities. It is important that oil spill response actions are explained to everyone involved including those likely to be worst affected by the oil spill. The use of oil spill dispersants can sometimes be controversial because of misunderstandings about the principle of dispersing oil and the lack of knowledge of the limitations of alternative response techniques. The purpose of using oil spill dispersants is to remove the spilled oil from the surface of the sea and transfer it into the water column where it is rapidly diluted to below harmful concentrations and is then degraded. Spraying oil spill dispersants onto spilled oil while it is still at sea may be the most effective, rapid and maneuverable mean of removing oil from the sea surface, particularly when mechanical recovery can only proceed slowly or is not possible. The use of oil spill dispersants reduces the damage caused by fl outing oil to some resources. The use of oil spill dispersants has the potential to present a small risk of temporary and local exposure to dispersed oil for some marine organisms. Salinity played an important role in determining the significance of temperature and mixing energy on dispersant effectiveness for almost all the oil–dispersant combinations. Its effectiveness in dispersing the spilled oil depends on factors such as oil properties, wave-mixing energy, temperature and salinity of the water.

Dispersants are usually used on the surface of the ocean and distributed by aircraft flying over an oil spill. Using dispersants underwater is a relatively new idea; the goal of such a technique is to break up and disperse the oil before it reaches the surface. The success of a dispersant is affected by the timeliness of their use, the composition of the oil, how they are applied as well as water and weather conditions and overall climate. This lack of knowledge stems directly from the failure to require comprehensive testing of chemical dispersants as a condition for their eligibility for use in responding to an oil spill. Dispersed oil has a milky coffee appearance where the dispersant has been applied. When the dispersant is applied to a slick, the droplets of oil are surrounded by surfactant substances, stabilizing the dispersion to promote rapid dilution there is a need for water movement.

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