Introduction To Imaging

By Author: Samantha Dale
Total Articles: 610
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We live in the middle of a visually enchanting world which reveals itself in a variety of shapes, forms, colors and textures, motion and tranquility. We as humans have the ability and perception to collect and interpret all this abundant visual information around us. We come across many visuals in our day to day life. An article that has a picture catches our attention immediately and conveys the meaning precisely. Building on our abilities to interpret visual information over the years, many challenges were faced in the area of image analysis and portability. In order to interpret the visual information embedded in still images, video, graphics, and other means led to the growth of digital imaging technologies that are currently available and used globally.

A digitized image can be used for a variety of purposes and this has given rise to a new and separate field of study under Computer sciences called Digital Image Processing. The practice of digitizing images and storing data in a computer started quite early in 1960s developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California. Digitizing images was largely used in ...
... the space programs earlier, for the purposes of storing the images of planets and the moon captured by telescopes. Today, these techniques are applied in diverse areas of visual information analysis such as biomedical studies, photography, media, etc. The digital imaging ecosystem consists of the simultaneous working of different equipments such as computer, scanner, electronics, image acquisition devices, etc. connected to each other and they work on the principles of optics and mathematics.

The growth of new and robust technologies in web based applications such as Web 2.0, .Net, CMS, HTML5, JavaScript, etc., over the last three decades have revolutionized diverse areas where graphics applications are used. The final products of computer graphics after processing are called images. Images stored in a computer are more generally called as image data, and they are manipulated and represented by using special software and hardware. The definition of computer graphics as given by the International Standards Organization (ISO) is “a sum total of methods and techniques for converting data for a graphics device by computer”. To make this definition simpler, the reader can understand that computer graphics is a method of converting data into images and vice versa.

In order to fully understand computer graphics, there are two steps are involved. These two steps correspond to the methods of converting data into images and the methods involved in turning these data as images. These steps are called Visualization and Modeling. The images or computer graphics are further categorized into 2D, 3D and graphics animation. Over the years many powerful tools have been developed for visualizing data and for creation and management of graphics in computers.

Two dimensional (2D) computer graphics are basically geometric models. The models such as text and digital images were originally developed by traditional drawing and printing technologies namely typography, cartography, technical drawing, etc. A two dimensional image does not represent a real world object, but an independent representation with added semantic value. Three-dimensional images provide real-time (width, height, depth) viewing and are 3D representation of geometric data. In the computer 2D applications may use certain 3D techniques to improve on the effects of image such as lighting, color, etc. Images that are stored in the computer are produced by optical devices such as scanners, digital cameras, telescopes, microscopes, etc. An image in its digital form is typically stored in the computer as data (zeros and ones).
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