The Dry And Fleshy

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If fruits are classified by the type of development of the pericarp, can esxistir two classes: the dry and fleshy.
The dehisencia occurs only in nuts, and the type of placentation and fertilization that took the fruit, different types of dehiscence:
Sutural dehiscence twofold: the carpel opening by the dorsal nerve and between nerves in placental and vegetables .
Sutural dehiscence simple: the carpel opens placental nerves only.
Example: follicles and Polifoliculos .
Placentigrafa Dehiscence: opening of the carpel is made ??up of two lines parallel to the placenta.
Example: Siliqua and silicula .
Dehiscenia loculicidal.
Placentifraga dehiscence.
Septicidal dehiscence.
Septifraga dehiscence.
Dehisencia poricida.
Valvular dehiscence.
A fruit that develops a gynoecium composed of carpels merged, that after fertilization grows becoming silique after maturation seminal dehiscence takes place, and the shells come off the septum freeing the seeds plant.
This process is similar to the anthers dehisced and the region is torn (dehiscence zone) runs entirely ...
... along the fruit between the valves and the replum (external septum).
At maturity, the dehiscence zone is effectively an unlignified layer between a region of lignified cells in the valve and the replum. Expulsion occurs due to the combination of loss of cell walls in the dehiscence zone and tension set by differential mechanical properties of the cells in the silique drying.

The plant development is the process set of cell growth and differentiation of plants is governed by the action of various compounds within the highlighting carbohydrates , proteins , nucleic acids , lipids and hormones . The processes of growth and differentiation alternate during all stages of plant life, from development of the embryo, through the juvenile stage to adult plant where they are continuously differentiating appendages such as leaves, flowers and fruits. Basic investigations have established the importance of phytohormones , in the process of plant growth, physiological responses by inducing specific and rapid development when introduced into plants (eg, induction of ripening by ethylene , leaf drop with auxins , stimulating growth vegetative cytokinins , etc.).. The effect of various other compounds such as sugars , lipids and vitamins in plant development is less direct, so that they have high ability to change immediately processes.

Is the stage of plant development that encompasses all the processes that occur just after fertilization to dormancy or dormancy of the embryo, which in the case of spermatophytes occurs within the seed. During this time, establishing the body plan of the plant: the body plan is the basic module of growth to be repeated as the plant grows. 2
Embryogenesis occurs very similarly in all angiosperms (and share many processes in embryonic development in gymnosperms ), but differs in the extent of development of the endosperm , the development of cotyledon development and extension of the meristem . 3
Apicobasal polarity of the plant is established after the first division that generates a basal cell and a cell terminal (formed near the micropyle) that give origin to the embryo and the suspensor repectivamente. The suspensor is a structure that seems to enter the embryo to the gametophytic tissue, as well as guiding the absorptive surface of the embryo to their food source then working as a conduit of nutrients to the developing embryo. These functions have not been proven but are suggested because experimental embryos with suspensor are more likely to survive than embryos which were removed. 4 Studies in Phaseolus coccineus and Arabidopsis have shown that 4-cell stage is a differential transcription in the apical and basal cells and therefore, the genes are expressed selectively in cells of the embryo and suspensor. However, there are genetic evidence that the hanger has the ability to develop embryonic structures as occurs when the apical cell is removed and consequently, the hanger portion differs in embryonic tissue. 5 6 7
As the zygote undergoes more cell divisions, radial and axial patterns become differentiated. The cells of the embryo itself, continue to divide to form a structure known as globular stage or globular embryo . At this point we can distinguish three cell layers: the protodermis , the central meristem and procambio . 8 The protodermis is the embryonic tissue which gives origin to the dermal tissue or epidermis and contributes to the outer layers that protect the plant. The cells that make up the protodemis, anticlinal divisions only suffer. Ie, divisions perpendicular to the surface, the central meristem is located below the protodermis and causes the vital tissue including cortex and medulla, and finally the procambio (also known as procambium ), is formed toward the center of embryo and corresponds to embryonic tissue resulting in vascular tissues xylem and phloem whose function is to support and transport of fluids to and from the various appendices of the plant. 8
The globular shape of the embryo begins to change as the cell divisions occur and begin to form the cotyledons . In the case of "dicots" having two cotyledons, these give the embryo a heart-shaped. 8 Hormones such as auxins appear to mediate the transition from radial to bilateral symmetry. 9 In monocots does not show the configuration of heart-shaped embryo.
The embryo also has cells that are constantly regenerating and that are responsible for plant growth in height and diameter, these cells are stem cells that make up tissues called meristems. In plants, these meristems are:
Apical meristem of the stem: Generate the leaves after germination and allow the transition to reproductive development. This meristem is protected by stipules , colleters and / or mucilage. 2 8
Intercalary meristem
Root apical meristem: Manager of root growth. It protegico by a structure called cap or root cap that protects and facilitates the penetration of roots into the ground without being damaged. These cells are worn down quickly so you are continuously regenerated. 2
Main article: meristem .

Is the phase postembrionaria of plant development. Not all plants germinate after the embryo has fully developed, many go through periods of dormancy in which metabolism slows, the seed becomes dehydrated and the integuments are hardened to protect the embryo. Hormones such as abscisic acid are important in maintaining latency and gibberellins in his break. 8
Germination is given as a highly evolved product of interactions between seed and environmental conditions around it. During germination the embryo extracts nutrients from the endosperm or in some cases, the cotyledons. In monocots, the embryo interacts with the endosperm by gibberellins that activate signaling cascades that end with the breakdown of starch into sugar. Chloroplasts as soon begin to differentiate the stem reaches the surface due to exposure to light.

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