Perpendicular Harddisk Drive

By Author: mikes wellington
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What is a Hard Disk Drive?

A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a device used by modern computers to store information permanently. Hard Disk Drive can be said to be the most important parts of a computer system in that all information is stored permanently contained within the enclosure, including your computer’s Operating System (OS). Thanks to Hard Disk Drives, long gone are the days when you will have to save all your programs and documents stored on removable media such as Floppy Disk or CD-ROM.

Initially discovered in mid-1950 and made commercially available in 1956 by the International Business Machines (IBM). Called RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control), the first Hard Disk Drives contain as many as 50 plates are 24 inches in diameter and computers in their own right though with one purpose – to store data. The entire unit is housed hard drive is the approximate size of two large refrigerators placed side by side. In 50 years or more since their discovery, Hard Disk Drives have steadily and aggressively far as Moore’s law was pacing. Stating that the memory in computers will increase by 100% ...
... approximately every 18 months. Hard Disk Drives on the other hand has increased capacity in the same period about 130%, an increase of 100% every nine months in most cases. Capacity building is being threatened, however.

In the years since the first Hard Disk Drive very little has changed apart from logical steps in technology such as increased speed or improved interfaces, the basic technology has changed very little. There has been no technological leaps, as it were, for Hard Disk Drives beyond their increased miniaturization. In addition to miniaturization and improvement of the recording media Hard Disk Drive as it’s almost identical technologically speaking, with the very first, Disk Drives RAMAC.Hard uses similar technology as used in audio and video cassettes. Such as video and audio tapes use magnetic tape wound around the two wheels to store the data. To access certain parts of the data contained on magnetic tape, the device must wind the tape that the beginning of the section that contains the data in the bottom of the device that reads data (magnetic read / write head). This process is called sequential retrieval of data because in the process of accessing certain data, the device must sequentially read each piece of data until the data it’s looking to find. This process is very time consuming and contributes to wear.

Hard Disk on the other hand using a circular disk-shaped plate in which the magnetically sensitive compound is placed. The plates are similar in concept to Compact Disk (CD) in that the data they hold can be accessed randomly, that in the form of recordable media (disks) circular, and that data is not actively divide into tracks and sectors. Data on Hard Disk Drive can be accessed at random due to recordable media of Hard Disk Drives using these separated tracks and sectors. By separating the data in such a way, can be positioned at random intervals from the disk, depending on space requirements.

Whichever recordable 1-7 plates contained in a metal cage a modern Hard Disk Hard. Hard Disk Drive plate perfectly circular disk made of aluminum alloy good or better glass ceramic substrate which is a ceramic disk depends on the outer glass shell. To the surface of the disk platter is putting a thin layer of magnetically sensitive layer called the recording medium, in a mixture of modern drives are complex mixtures of different materials such as cobalt chromium platinum boron (CoCrPtB) and rare metals.

How Hard Disk Drive data store?

All information located on a computer is expressed as a series of ones and zeros (1 / 0), as binary digits (bits). Taking advantage of the properties of magnetic particles, that they can be polarized to magnetic north or south magnetic pole and that they can be alternated or switched when the magnetic field of the correct polarity is applied, Hard Disk Drives can store the same sequence of bits to the disk with polarization of magnetic particles is required on a recording medium such that they represent the stored data. Hard Disk Drives are cut off like that they contain two intersecting tracks and sectors. Goal is to provide a logical data structure, to provide a way to distinguish between the data area. In every song there are a number of sectors. It is in the sectors of Hard Disk where data is stored.

Dishes from the Hard Disk Drive is coated with magnetically sensitive layer consists mainly of magnetically charged particles or filings which overall could be called the recording medium. These particulates can be magnetically aligned so that they represent the binary digits, by inducing an electromagnetic field to them via the read / write head. Recording media contains many billions of microscopic particles which, when viewed closely resembles a miniature metal filings. When a Hard Disk Drive data records to the media that it takes hundreds of (usually about 500 to 100) particles are magnetically sensitive to store a single binary digit. Reduction increased the number of particles required to record data is limited by the accuracy of the head read / write (miniature device that reads and records the data to the recording medium) because the magnetic field used by the drive read / write head for reading and / or recording (write) data such that the data is already while the nearest border.

Do you have to shrink even further in an effort to improve the precision, the possibility of data corruption will increase further. Research by various parties has been to find a workable solution for recording data into fewer or even a single particle for some time now. A hard drive can record data to the Hard Disk Drive by using a magnetic field sufficient for the part of the recording medium (which is suspended on a platter Hard Disk) so that data (a series of people and / or zero according to the information is stored) is recorded onto the media with aligning certain particles into the desired magnetic pole (north or south). Thus, previous data are present because it is destroyed.

Perpendicular to the longitudinal paragraph

Since the 1980s and early 1990s, magnetic media drive manufacturers have been researching the feasibility of switching from longitudinal to perpendicular recording techniques. The advantage is clearly one of capacity: when the longitudinal magnetic particles are packed together, they take up more space than if they stand upright, if they stand perpendicular to the plate. More than just a problem getting the initial capacity, perpendicular recording technology to avoid problems that have been known in the field for many years: the super-paramagnetic effect (SPE), which affects the small size of the magnetically charged particles such as those used in Hard Disk Drives. “Super paramagnetic effect is a phenomenon observed in very fine particles, where the energy required to change the direction of the magnetic moment of a particle is proportional to the heat energy around” (source: Wikipedia.org) Many theories have been cut. over the years as to what the density of magnetic particles (described by the areal density of disks) can achieve before becoming subject to the SPE. Currently it is recommended that any of 100Gbit/inch2 for 150Gbit/inch2 is a physical limitation to extend Hard Disk Drives, although the perpendicular media solutions have been made as high as 230Gbit/inch2.

In the layering of the magnetic particulate suspension over a layer of magnetic particles and the orientation perpendicular to the plate, recording media can be more magnetically sensitive particles pack a lot together in the same space than before while keeping the SPE at bay. Perpendicular recording technology but does not prevent the SPE from the capacity restrictions in the future, more than anything that’s perpendicular recording technology can be described as a way to provide breathing space technology manufacturers to develop more permanent solutions such as lithography or holographic recording media layers. Records consist of the manufacture of traditional media distribution over the disk platter recording material through the centrifugal force caused by the rotating plate while the recording material is placed above the surface. Centrifugal force will deploy recording material on the surface, spread evenly in all directions. Perpendicular recording media manufacturing on the other hand requires a different technique.

Appropriate manufacturing process of perpendicular recording media is a closely guarded secret surprise, especially given the recent arrival on the market. Of patents filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), can be drawn that the dominant technique involves laminating a magnetic metal and non-magnetically charged such as chromium, cobalt, platinum and similar alloys; flanking a unique layer to affect the desired result – such as recording media that the magnetic particles aligned perpendicular to the plate. In the patent number, U.S. 6387483 filed by the NEC Corporation of Tokyo, described the technique as follows: perpendicular magnetic recording medium embodiment is formed by laminating films of Cr, the magnetic soft under layer film, and a film perpendicular to the magnetizing substrate in this order. (Source:. USPTO no 6387483)

In longitudinal media are also manufacturing, laminating metal supports multiple achieved; in perpendicular media, however, the difference is magnetizing the film as described above. While the traditional laminates usually only serves to prevent wear and noise (both electro-mechanical noise and sound), in the manufacture of the perpendicular media would appear that at least some of the lamination process used to attract media magnetic particles perpendicular to the orientation. Precisely how the reorientation of the particulate magnetic media do not easy to determine, most likely because the technology is so new that details are vague at best and most obscure or poorly maintained. This fact is not surprising that about a new technology such as the development of perpendicular magnetic media.

The future of storage technology

Perpendicular magnetic media technology as discussed earlier is only a temporary solution, to find a more permanent solution we need to look much more advanced technology. One such technology is patterned magnetic media. Patterned magnetic media process aims to create a single magnetic particle object bit recording, you will recall that the technology currently requires about 500 to 1000 magnetic particles to store one bit. Patterned media for the purpose of this cut dramatically into a single particle per bit. The advantage of such technologies is statistically associated with reduced noise and more granular medium density increases (as much as 64Gbit/inch2).

Patterned magnetic media aims to prevent the barrier SPE, or at least a further reduction in effect through the use of so-called mesa and the valley. This technique uses the creation of barriers between the magnetic particles, thus avoiding complications that affect the SPE particles are closely packed. Holographic storage (aka Holographic Lithography) is also a technology that aims to increase the storage capacity is also in serious research, and claims to be a much more permanent solution. Unlike Patterned Magnetic Media, Holographic storage is a revolutionary step away from the magnetic medium and previous optoelectronic technologies.

Hard Disk Drives will always be subject to inertia and centrifugal force caused by moving parts of mechanical drive components (plates, read / write heads), Holographic Storage has no such problems; the process of hologram using a laser instead of read / write head of the Hard Disk Drive and the media itself does not require momentum (like the plates on Hard Disk Drives).

Holographic storage is far from realization, in fact it is argued by some that perhaps as many as ten years before the technology can be made into a workable solution. In the symmetry directly to memory the initial research, research on Holographic Storage technology seems to have been banded into two camps: one of the super-fast data retrieval and storage capacity is very high; no doubt there will be a very lucrative market for both.

For more information: http://www.torontopcs.com/