Different Types Of Trichomes

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There are different types of trichomes. Among them are the papillae , which are little sharp bumps, often sensitive, can be thin, hair-like, like the petals of the rose . The hairs detectors are another type of trichomes, which can be composed of one or more cells. The simple unicellular hairs have a basal portion that is inserted into the skin and is called "foot" and a distal portion is called "body." The simple multicellular hairs present one or more rows of cells. Branched unicellular hairs may have a "T", ie with two opposing arms and call malpighiáceos hairs . They may also have several branches, in that case deonominan stellate hairs . The multicellular branched hairs may receive different names depending on how you have cells. Thus, dendritic hairs are like trees, the stellate hairs have branches in the same plane or different planes. The scales or hairs peltate trichomes are multicellular all cells present in the same plane, taking the appearance of a shield. The glandular hairs and secretory finally may be unicellular and multicellular simple or quite complex and generally have a foot and a uni-or multicellular secretory ...
... head. The secreted product frequently is housed between the outer wall of the cell and the cuticle, which rises and eventually breaks. The cuticle in some cases can be regenerated and repeated fluid buildup, or trichome may degenerate after a single excretion. 28
There are specialized trichomes in plant defense against herbivores. An example is that of ticomas of the epidermis of the leaves and stipules of alfalfa ( Medicago scutellata ), which presents secreting capitate hairs, with a long stem, which defend the plant against the larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica . The secretion of these hairs accumulates beneath the cuticle and in contact with the larvae of the insect exudes a sticky fluid, which the immobilized. In the wild potato species there trichomes defensive trapping aphids . The resistance of Passiflora adenopoda the larvae of the butterfly genus Heliconius is due to its trichomes and the larvae to travel on the road are impaled on them.

Other glandular trichomes defensive sting. This type of trichome is characteristic of four families of dicotyledons: Urticaceae , Euphorbiaceae , loasáceas and hidrofiláceas . Serve as mechanisms of plant defense because stored toxins in the central vacuole of the cells, which can be expelled when an animal touches the ground. Subepidermal or epidermal cells are very long, long neck and sharp, with the base inserted into a cup-shaped emergency composed of several cells. When touching the head of this type of trichomes, the neck is broken along a line oblique so that the hair shaft is converted into a hypodermic needle injecting the liquid contained inside irritating. That liquid is commpuesto by formic acid addition acetylcholine and histamine among other compounds. 29
In insectivorous plants the leaf epidermis is covered by digestive glands. In Drosera , for example, the head of these glands complex is coated by a cuticle provided with numerous pores, the outer layers are secretory cells with labyrinthine walls, the underlying layer is formed by cells of endodermal type with radial thickening impermeable. The center is occupied by tracheids surrounded by a layer of transfer cells. The secretory cells are very complex in their operation as well as secrete digestive enzymes absorb the digested nutrients. 31 Utricularia , a genus of marsh plants and submerged aquatic belonging to lentibulariáceas , has specialized vegetative organs to capture and digest small organisms, which are called "traps" or utricles . Such traps are globose and have a mouth surrounded by filiform appendages, with an entrance closed by a membrane which is the "door". The appendices present sensitive membrane that, when touched by a dam, determine the sudden displacement of the membrane to inside the trap, causing a sudden flow of water into which also carries the prey. When the trap is filled with water falls membrane, closing the utricle. Internally, the utricles specialized glandular hairs present in the secretion of enzymes that digest the prey. 32 Pinguicula is another carnivorous plant also belonging to the lentibulariáceas, its leaves capture small insects, which are then digested. Live in environments where nitrogen is scarce, and supplies their lack with the nitrogen of the proteins of insects. Like all members of the genus, these leaf are densely covered with pedicellate glands mucilage and digestive glands sessile and flat. Pedicellate glands are constituted by a group of secretory cells in the top of a foot and producing a single cell secretion mucilaginous with which drops are visible on the surface of the sheet. This wet appearance probably helps to attract prey in search of water, a similar phenomenon is also observed in the sundews . These droplets secreted whose main function is to trap insects, which on contact, induce the release of an additional amount of mucilage . The insect fighting, playing and triggering more glands and atrapándose further himself in the mucilage. Moreover, Pinguicula can bend the edge of the leaves slightly due to its thigmotropism , causing a greater amount of glands in contact with the insect trapped. Then, by releasing the contents of sessile glands, which are found on the surface of the sheet, the insect digested by the action of various enzymes. These enzymes, among which include amylase , the esterase , the phosphatase , the peptidase and ribonuclease digested most of the components of the insect body. These fluids are then absorbed through the pores in the cuticle of the leaves, leaving only on the surface the exoskeleton of chitin on larger insects.

350 sheets 115 families genera belonging to remove liquid water through hydathodes by the process of guttation . In some tropical plants like Colocasia ( Araceae ), the amount removed per night exceeds 300 ml . 34
The hydathodes can be either active or passive. The latter, common in grasses, removing water by osmosis when pressure increases dramatically. Active hydathodes, however, eliminate water irrespective of the pressure of the roots. Hydathodes tricómicos epidermal or secrete an aqueous solution with some organic or inorganic compounds (eccrine secretion, metal ion pumped through the plasma membrane). In the young leaves of Cicer arietinum epidermal hydathodes consist of a uniseriate stalk and a multicellular head oval. The aqueous solution accumulates under the cuticle and when it reaches a certain volume open pores in the cuticle and droplets on the surface appear. Epitémicos hydathodes have a specialized parenchymatous tissue, the epitema , located at the end of one or more sheets venules. Surrounding the epitema is a tightly arranged cell sheath, often with adjacent walls cutinized, forming a layer of endodermal type, which prevents reflux into the apoplast. Many of these cells are differentiated as transfer cells. Outwards, the epitema is limited by the epidermis, and the output of water occurs through one or more modified stomata, which differ because the guard cells usually can not close the ostiole.

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