Spine Anatomy

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In humans, the vertebral column (or spine) is made of 33 individual bony vertebrae, 24 of which are articulating vertebrae while the other 9 are vertebrae fused in the coccyx and sacrum. The spinal column is the source of the bodys (particularly the spinal cord) main support by allowing one to stand upright, twist and bend while being protected from injury. Strong muscles, sensitive nerves and flexible ligaments and tendons all contribute to a healthy spine that allows various degrees of movement.

There are two main muscle groups affecting the spine. These are extensors and flexors. Flexor muscles are in the front and include the muscles in the abdomen. These muscles allow us the ability to bend forward, flex and lift while controlling the lower back. The extensor muscles are at the back of the spine and enable us to stand and lift objects. Stabilization in the spine is too attributed to the back muscles.

Adult spines are naturally formed in an S-shape. The curves in the spine work like a spring to maintain balance, absorb shock and allow full range of motion. The spine is pulled forward by the weight of the body ...
... when in an upright posture. The upper (cervical) and lower (lumbar) regions of the spine have a slight concave (dipped) curve while the middle (thoracic) region has a convex (arched) curve.

The natural curves of the spine are maintained by correct posture and adequate muscular support. In order to maintain good posture you must train your body to walk, stand, lie and sit in a manner where the least amount of strain is placed on ligaments and muscles during movement or lifting.

As mentioned, there are 33 bones in the spinal column that interlock. The vertebra is divided into 5 regions. They are:

• Cervical region: Contains 7 bones with the main function to support about 10 pounds (the weight of the head). This region has the greatest range of motion due to two specialized vertebrae that connect to the skull.

• Thoracic region: Contains 12 bones. The primary function of this region is to protect the organs in the chest along with the rib cage. There is limited range of motion in this area.

• Lumbar region: This region encompasses 5 bones and is toward the lower part of the back with a main function to bear the bodys weight.

• Sacral Region: Also has 5 bones and is located directly below the lumbar. The main function of the sacral is to protect pelvic organs through attachment to the hip (iliac) bones.

• Coccyx region: This region has 4 fused bones that dont really have a function.

Ligaments are made of strong fibrous bands that hold the vertebrae together, stabilize the spine and protect the disc. These ligaments are the ligamentum flavum, anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and posterior longitudinal ligament (PALL). The PALL and ALL are ligaments that run from the top to the bottom of the spinal column to prevent excess movement of the vertebral bones.

There are several other facets of the spine that may be examined. If you would like more information please feel free to visit www.losethebackpain.com.