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What Are the Key Concepts of OOPS in Python?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a powerful paradigm that allows Python developers to structure code more efficiently and intuitively. By organizing data and functions into objects, OOP enhances code reusability, scalability, and maintainability. In this blog, we’ll dive into the core concepts of OOP in Python—classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation—and explore how these principles make programming cleaner and more manageable. Ready to master OOP in Python? Let’s get started at the Python Course in Bangalore.

What is Object-Oriented Programming in Python?
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects and classes. It focuses on modeling real-world concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation within a program. The key idea behind OOP is to bundle data and the functions that operate on that data into a single unit, known as a class. This structure helps to ensure that the data is secure and not easily accessible from other parts of the program. The core concepts ...
... of OOps are listed below.
Class
A class is arranged as a template or framework for creating objects. It outlines the attributes and behaviors that objects derived from it will possess. A class is a conceptual structure that holds various attributes (characteristics) and methods (functions) that determine how the objects will operate. To gain a deeper understanding of Python's OOP principles, Sign up today at FITA Academy.
Object
An object is referred to as an entity that has a state or behavior associated with it. It may be a pen, chair, table, etc. An object is defined by the key components:
State: Represented by the attributes or properties of an object.
Behavior: Represented by the methods or actions of an object, identifying how the object interacts with other objects or responds to certain inputs.
Identity: Provides a unique identifier for the object, allowing it to be distinguished from other objects.
For example, if we consider a class named Dog
Identity: The dog's name, which uniquely identifies it.
State: The dog’s attributes, such as its breed, age, or color.
Behavior: The actions or methods that the dog can perform, such as eating, sleeping, or barking.
Polymorphism
The term polymorphism refers to many forms. The ability to send a message in more than one form is known as polymorphism. Different classes share the same method name while providing different implementations for those methods. Through polymorphism, a single interface can handle different types or instances of class. For example: We need to find whether the given species of a bird flies or not. Gain the skills that top employers are looking for and begin your journey at the Python Course in Marathahalli.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is a method of binding data and functions together into a single entity. It restricts access to methods and variables. An object’s variable can only be changed using the object’s method. This type of variable is known as a private variable. An example of encapsulation is a class, as it binds all the data and functions together into a single entity.
Inheritance
Inheritance in Python is a feature that allows a new class called a subclass or child class to inherit attributes and methods from an existing class parent or superclass. This enables the creation of more specialized classes based on general ones. Inheritance supports the concept of a hierarchical relationship where a subclass can extend or modify the behavior of its parent class while still retaining its properties. It promotes code reusability and simplification.
Data Abstraction
Data abstraction is a process of hiding all the internal details and exposing only the required functionalities. Data abstraction is accomplished through encapsulation. The goal of abstraction is to simplify interaction with objects, offering a high-level interface without requiring the user to understand the intricate details. It allows developers to change the internal workings of a class without affecting the rest of the system, which improves maintainability and scalability.

The object-oriented programming concept in Python offers a powerful and efficient way to organize code, making it more modular, reusable, and maintainable. By leveraging concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, developers can build scalable and flexible applications.Mastering OOP principles in Python is a key step toward becoming a proficient programmer, enabling cleaner and more efficient code in your projects, Enroll today at the Training Institute in Bangalore.

What are the different Data Types?
Python has several built-in data types that are pre-defined to classify its characteristics, which makes it easier to process the information. There are Six standard data types in Python which define the type of value you can assign to it, In simple data types determine the value type which a variable can hold and specify the operation to be performed. Take the next step in your learning journey and enroll now for Programming Languages Institutes in Bangalore.
Numeric Data Type
Numeric Data types are used to represent a numerical value, which are classified into three categories :
Int: They are represented by a whole number, which can be either positive or negative.

Example: num1= 25

Float: They are represented by a decimal point, which can be either positive or negative.

Example: num1=27.5

Complex: They are represented using two parts of a number which are real and imaginary.

Example:num1=5+4q, where 5 is the real part and 4q is the imaginary part.
String Data Type
The string data type is a set phrase or collection of words that are enclosed within a single, double, or triple quotation mark and are separated using commas. Various operations can be performed using string.

String Concatenation: It is a process of adding up two strings.

Example: str1=” Hello”
str2=” World”
print(str1+str2)
Output: Hello World

String Slicing: It is a process of extracting different parts of a string.

Example: String1 = "Hello"
print(String1[2:4])
Output: llo

String Repetition: It is a process of repeating a set of instructions a certain number of times.

Example: str1=” Hello”
print(str1*3)
Output: HelloHelloHello
List Data Type
List Data Type is used to store a set of multiple values within the same field enclosed in a square bracket and separated by commas. It can contain any number of values with different data types. Lists are ordered mutable which means we can modify it and also allow duplicate values.

Example: list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(list)
Tuple Data Type
Tuple Data Type is used to store a set of multiple values within the same field enclosed in a parenthesis and separated by commas, they are similar to lists, the only difference between tuples and lists is tuples are immutable which means they cannot be modified after it has been created.

Example: tuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(tuple)
Set Data Type
A Set Data Type is a collection of unordered items used to store multiple items in a single variable where every element in a set is immutable, and no duplicates are allowed.

Example: set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(set)
Dictionary Data Type
A Dictionary Data Type is an unordered collection of values used to store data. Unlike other data types, a dictionary consists of a key-value pair, in a key-value pair Key-value is provided within the dictionary to make it more optimized. Each key-value is separated using a colon(:) whereas a comma(,) is used to separate each key.

Example: Dictionary1 = {1:'Hello',2:5.5, 3:'World'}
print(Dictionary1)
Output: {1: ‘Hello’, 2: 5.5, 3: ‘World’}

Python provides a variety of built-in data types, each suited for different purposes in programming. These include numeric, string, list, tuple, set, and dictionary data types. Python’s versatile data types enable developers to write clear, precise, and efficient code, adapting to different requirements and making it a powerful language for a wide range of applications. For those looking to dive deeper, enrolling in a course in the Python Courses in Marathahalli provides valuable insights and skills.