Robotic Prosthetics : Global Advancements In Robotic Prosthetics In Global

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History and Development of Robotic Prosthetics

The development of prosthetic devices dates back to ancient Egypt over 3,500 years ago, with the earliest known artificial limbs being simple wooden poles that acted as extensions for the leg. Throughout history, various civilizations experimented with improving prosthetics using different available materials like leather, metals, and lightweight materials. However, it wasn't until the 1970s that modern engineering fueled major advancements, incorporating powered and robotic elements into prosthetic limbs.

Early prototypes in the 1970s led to myoelectric limbs in the 1980s, which detect electric signals from muscles to control battery-powered movements. By reading signals from intact muscles near the amputation site, these breakthrough Robotic Prosthetics allowed for more intuitive operation compared to body-powered mechanical limbs. Continued miniaturization of sensors and electronics further improved functionality over the following decades.

The Development of Microprocessor Control

A major turning point came in the 1990s with the introduction of microprocessor ...
... controls. By adding a microchip to interpret sensor inputs and drive motor movements, prosthetics gained more sophisticated functionalities like proportional speed control, sensor feedback for grasping strength, and onboard processing power for multiple movement patterns. This transition accelerated the development of advanced multifunction electric hands and arms.

Some pioneering microprocessor-controlled prosthetics from this era include the DEKA Arm developed by DARPA, providing multifunction individual finger control. The i-Limb Hand by Touch Bionics was also revolutionary for its life-like appearance and multiple grip patterns. By the 2010s, myoelectric control combined with onboard microprocessors allowed for human-like prosthetic motions that could match the wearer's individual abilities and lifestyle needs.

Advancing Materials and Designs

Carbon fiber and other lightweight composite materials began replacing heavier metals in prosthetic limbs starting in the 2000s, significantly improving the strength-to-weight ratio. Lighter prosthetics reduce fatigue and enable more natural motion. Additionally, 3D printing technologies have enabled patient-specific designs and customizations at lower production costs than traditional methods.

Modular prosthetic designs are also improving adaptability for various activities like work, sports, and hobbies. For example, attachments allow prosthetic feet to transition between specific sport modes and everyday walking configurations. Suspension systems provide additional shock absorption compared to rigid attachments. Ongoing material and design refinements are continuously enhancing comfort, functionality, and quality of life for prosthetic users.

Developments in Biomechanics and Control Interfaces

Understanding biomechanics and how the human body naturally moves has helped prosthetic engineers create increasingly life-like anatomical designs. Prosthetic joints now closely mimic the ranges of motion of biological joints like the shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers. At the same time, advanced myoelectric sensors and targeted muscle reinnervation surgeries are allowing more intuitive mind-controlled prosthetic motions directly from amputees' own thoughts.

Pattern recognition software is also enabling prosthetics to interpret complex muscle signals for determining hand grips, individual finger movements and arm motions. Non-invasive neural interfaces utilizing EEG signals are another frontier being explored for thought-controlled bionic limbs. Major advancements in control interfaces signify progress towards prosthetics achieving full transparency between the user's intent and artificial limb response.

Commercialization and Global Impacts

The global robotic prosthetics market value was estimated at $1.2 billion in 2020 and projected to exceed $2.5 billion by 2026 according to analysts. Leading manufacturers including Ottobock, Touch Bionics, DPI, Fillauer and Victhom Robotics have commercialized highly dexterous and customizable prosthetic arms, hands and legs globally. Governments and private groups like NIH, DARPA and Open Bionics are also investing in robotic prosthetics innovations

United States regulatory approvals through the FDA have accelerated clinical adoption of advanced prosthetic technologies. Developing countries are increasingly benefiting as well through initiatives promoting low-cost manufacturing and clinical training programs. Global demands of aging populations and growing incidence of amputations due to war, industrial accidents and diseases continue driving the growing robotic prosthetics towards developing a new generation of highly integrated, affordable and widely accessible bionic replacement limbs.

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Author Bio:

Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163)