Gras Approved R-1-3 Butanediol Increases Circulating Ketones

By Author: Avela
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Recent studies involving pigs included Gras Approved R-1,3 Butanediol in their diet to identify the results. Gilt progeny are born and weaned lighter with poor lifetime performance when compared to sow progeny. Low bird weights and pre-weaning mortality is associated with reduced milk consumption. Glycogen stores are deposited in utero and are needed for the first few hours of life. Due to the rapid depletion of the stores, piglets need to consume enough milk for survival.

Similar to glucose, ketone bodies can pass the placenta for the piglet to use in the neonatal period. Supplementing late gestation with ketogenic substances is an alternative option for energy and can potentially be used by the piglet to reduce the depletion of glycogen stores. The study conducted supplemented late gestation of gilts and sows with R, 1-3 Butanediol, finding birth weights and litter weights were increased. Butanediol can potentially increase birth weight and growth performance in post-parturition periods.

R,1-3 Butanediol is a ketogenic substance that could potentially improve piglet growth and survival when provided as a dietary ...
... supplement in late gestation. The sows and gilts were fed a standard commercial gestation diet or a diet that was supplemented with four per cent R,1-3 Butanediol from day ninety until the piglets were born. Dams fed with the supplement had higher plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate with lower non-esterified fatty acid concentrations.

The percentage of light for age progeny was decreased in the supplemented group, particularly in gilts. The individual birth weights and litter weights were increased in those taking the R, 1-3 Butanediol supplement, but the effects were not maintained to weaning. Pre-weaning mortality was greater in gilts than sows and not altered by the dietary supplements. The study suggested that feeding Butanediol in late gestation can improve birth weight but further studies are needed to identify the effects that are carried out throughout the subsequent growth stages, particularly in gilt progeny.

Gilt progeny has presented a burden on pig producers as they exhibit lower birth and weaning weights, therefore they are at a higher risk for disease and mortality with a lower whole-of-life performance when compared to sow progeny. Low birth weight or light-for-age piglets up to 1.1kg and pre-weaning mortality has been linked. Smaller piglets are born with lower body energy reserves and have reduced thermoregulatory capacities.

Neonatal piglets are born without body fat due to the inability of lipids to pass from the sow to the fetus. Piglets rely on glycogen stores as a primary source of energy during the neonatal period. Ketone bodies can pass from the placenta to the mother, which means ketones can provide a source of energy for the piglet

The results of the study showed that there was no effect on the dam's live weight before giving birth or during weaning. Dams on a controlled diet had less back fat when compared to those taking the ketogenic supplement. Those not on the supplements had gilts that were lighter before birth.

The piglets that were born to the dams on the R, 1-3 Butanediol supplement were fifty grams heavier at birth when compared to the dams on the controlled diet. Gilt progeny were one hundred and seventy grams lighter than the sow progeny, extending to the total litter weight.

The study showed that supplementation of late gestation diets with R, 1-3 Butanediol reduced the percentage of small-for-age piglets, increasing birth weight. It also increased the dam's plasma concentrations and decreased glucose concentrations.

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