Urine Analysis- Types, Purpose And Reports

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Urine analysis at a glance
Urine analysis is commonly called a urine test. During urine analysis, a series of laboratory tests is performed on freshly collected urine specimens to assess the patient's overall health. It is a highly accurate, cost-effective, and non-invasive diagnostic test that provides a clear insight into the body's essential functions. It is mainly used to diagnose and treat urinary tract infections, kidney disorders, endocrine disorders, liver disorders, diabetes, and other conditions.

What urine analysis reveals
For accurate results, it is imperative to have a clean catch of urine samples. For this, the urine has to be gathered in a fresh, clean, sterile urine collection plastic container and tested within 1 hour. Normally, urine analysis or general urine examination focus on three aspects: physical, chemical, and microscopic finding. Besides, doctors can also suggest additional tests on urine based on the patient's signs and symptoms.
● Physical analysis: It is the first step of urine analysis. During this stage, the color, clarity, and odor of the urine sample are assessed ...
... by visual examination
● Chemical analysis: a series of biochemical tests are performed on urine samples to measure the levels of dissolved elements, nitrates, blood cells, glucose, proteins, bile pigments, drugs, pH, hormones, and nitrogenous waste products in urine. Besides, urine-specific gravity tests reveal the concentration of chemical components.
● Urine microscopy: This test is performed by viewing or examining the urine sample smear under the microscope to detect the presence of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), cast, crystals, and urinary pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, etc.

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