Types Of Poultry Farming In India

By Author: Krishna PolyPlast
Total Articles: 9
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Broiler Poultry Farming

Broiler segment in poultry is one of the fastest growing segments in recent times. It is the tender, young meat of male or female chicken. It’s weight ranges from 40 grams to 1.5 Kg and it can be maximum six weeks old. India produces 2.47 million metric tonnes of broiler making it the fifth largest broiler producer in the world. This growth is mainly due to the interposition of the corporate sector that threw emphasis on scientific rearing of broilers. Owing to the considerable growth, farmers have access to high quality chicks, professional guidance, medicines and vaccines, sophisticated equipment, etc.

Advantages of Broiler Farming

Rearing period lasts up to maximum 6 weeks.
Low initial investment
Their feed conversion efficiency is very high which means the amount of feed needed for body weight gain is much lower.
Demand for poultry meat is higher than compared to goat or sheep meat.
he investment returns are faster since the rearing period is only 6 weeks.

Layer Poultry Farming

Layer poultry means ...
... raising birds specifically for egg-laying purposes. In other words, special hen species are reared for commercial egg production. They start laying eggs once they are 18 weeks old and go on laying eggs till they are 78 weeks of age. During this period they produce 1 Kg of eggs for every 2.25 Kg of food consumed. Globally India is the third largest producer of eggs in the world. As per statistics, the current egg production is far below the ICMR recommended 180 eggs per capita annually.

Country Chicken Farming

Country chicken or free range chicken is rearing poultry breeds indigenous to India. In other words, they are local breed of chicken found in a particular geographical location. India is the fifth largest chicken producer of which commercial poultry breeds are a major harvest. However country chicken also makes significant contribution. The main advantage of country chicken is that the birds are comparatively more resistant to infections and have a better survival rate. They adapt to new surroundings easily. They have a good egg production capacity and the input cost is negligible.

Emu Farming

Emu is a versatile bird that survives in almost all climates worldwide. They were introduced along with ostriches in India. However owing to its versatility it has garnered a lot of importance. One of the main reasons behind this is that it neither dependent on the monsoons nor by the uncertain market trends. Emu meat is used for making food preparations while emu oil is of medical significance.

Quail Farming

Quail farming is gaining popularity in past few years since they are very small birds extremely popular for their eggs and meat. Initial investment for quail rearing is very less as compared to other poultry. The same holds true for the maintenance as well. Quails are ready for marketing within 5 weeks of growing and rearing. In addition they require a very small floor space. They start laying eggs at 6-7 weeks of age and lay about 300 eggs a year. However there are some challenges in quail rearing too. The male quails produce a sound which is harmful for the human ear. If male and females are reared together, then it is likely that male quails would peck eyes of other male quails rendering them blind. Quails being protected species can be reared for commercial purposes after obtaining a license from the Department of Animal Husbandry.

Turkey Farming

Turkey is the most popular of all foods during Christmas. It is however growing in popularity since the meat is very lean and diet-friendly. Unlike hens and quails, turkey is only reared for the meat. In India, turkey farming is still in infancy. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the leading turkey producers in the country. Efforts are being put by other states for turkey farming as well.

Duck Farming

Ducks unlike other poultry birds have a difference in their growing habits and habitats. They are raised for their meat and eggs yet, they fall only partially under the poultry system. They are strong birds but they need water around them for mating and laying the eggs. They can feed on the agricultural waste produced at the farms. Hence they can be grown in the farms.

Disease Management in Poultry Farming

More than 60% of the total diseases and pathogens in the world originate from animals- wild or domestic. Zoonotic pathogens are transmitted to humans via food or through direct contact between humans and animals. Diseases are the main threat to poultry farming. Farmers face severe losses due to spread of various poultry diseases. One of the best ways to prevent development and spread of diseases is to take good care of the birds. The shelters must be cleaned regularly. The water and food containers must be washed regularly. Precautions must be taken to not mix contaminated food with regular food. The birds must be regularly checked for development of disease symptoms. Vaccination schedules must be properly followed. If any infection is detected then the diseased bird must be immediately separated from other healthy birds to check the spread of infection.

Profitability in Poultry Farming in India

Poultry farming in India is a profitable business owing to many reasons. One of the chief reasons is that unlike agriculture, this is not dependent on rain, sunlight or other weather factors. The investment required here is lower. Initially it can be started with a very small flock of birds and then built up progressively. Since it is not weather and geographical conditions dependent there is always a promise of yield and returns.
Conclusion

Poultry farming in India is a good way to start new income source supplementary with agriculture. These bird’s litter is capable of increasing the soil fertility, the poultry waste is useful for organic agriculture and has demand in market.

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