Yarn Production- An Age-old Process

By Author: Samiksha
Total Articles: 4
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History of Yarn
Tracing from the ancient world, cotton, flax, silk, wool, and cotton were the significant fibers available in the world. The yarn procured was woven fragments of cotton, wool, or linen fabric.
Cotton did not achieve commercial importance until colonization in Europe started. Imperialism bloomed in countries and eventually started trading, textile as one of the major commodities. India being a populous country and clothing being necessary, yarn manufacturers in India try to manufacture the best goods at optimum prices to ensure availability.
What is Yarn?
Yarn is a long, interlocked length of fibers spun, weaved, and twisted together in threads. Each strand is turned into fiber. The short fibers are compiled and turned into filaments. The long filaments are twisted additionally to convert them to yarns. A relatively high degree of twist produces strong yarn.
Yarn is used to make textiles using a variety of processes such as knitting, weaving, and felting.
Classification of Yarn
The classification of yarn can be based on its use, number of threads used for making, The classification ...
... based on manufacturing is as
● Single Yarn- These single yarn are spun type, composed of small filaments that are held together and twisted together in S- type of Z- type
● Ply Yarn - Ply yarns and folded yarns are composed of single yarn folded and twisted together.The single yarns are twisted on their own. Then, they are combined and twisted in opposite directions. This way, the yarn becomes firmer and strong.
● Cord Yarn - Cord yarn follows SZS or ZSZ in which the single yarns folded in one direction are combined and folded in the opposite direction. One step ahead of it, another similar strand is taken and twisted in the opposite direction. It is used for making sheer dress fabric.
● Novelty Yarn- These yarns are made o special effects of slubs, produced intentionally to include small lumps in the thread or yarn structure.
Raw Materials
The raw materials for producing yarn use upto15 types of fibers. These fibers are both natural and synthetic. Natural yarn such as cotton, silk, jute, etc., is agriculture, plant-based, or animal-based. The synthetic yarns are made by forcing the thick polymerized chemical through a spinneret nozzle and hardening the resulting filament in a chemical bath. Some examples of synthetic fibers include acrylic, nylon, polyester, spandex.
Steps included in Production Of Yarn
# STEP 1: Preparing Fibers to be converted to yarn
Bales of fibers are opened by hands or machines. Then it is loosened and if nesseccary cleansed also. The different types of fibers are blended in specific pre- determining proportions, and consistency is maintained throughout.
# STEP 2 : Carding:
It involves a machine called a carding machine. The machine has hundreds of fine wires that separate the fibers from the raw materials and set them parallel to their form. A thin web of fiber is produced that moves along, which further passes onto a funnel-shaped device that blends the ropelike strands into parallel fibers.
# STEP 3 : Combing:
This is a smooth process. The yarn is passed through another paralleling process to obtain smoother textured fiber strands.
# STEP 4: Drawing Out:
After carding and combing, fiber mass is referred to as sliver. Several slivers are .combined before this process. Rollers arranged in series starts rotating incoordination and different speed, elongating into a better and improved uniform strand. The method of carding is repeated twice. Combed slivers are drawn once before coming and two times after combing.
# STEP 5: Twisting:
The sliver is fed through a roving machine, which further elongated the strand and gives it an additional twist. The strands that come out eventually are called roving.
Criteria for Quality Control Of Yarn
Though yarns produced for a different objective have to pass their predetermined criteria, the yarns pass some standard quality control criteria of testing.
● Strength
● Flexibility
● Smoothness
● Elongation
Santhan textiles are one of the reputed and best Yarn manufacturers in India. We manufacture a wide range and of yarns passed through different quality control tests to ensure serving you the best goods from our end. For more information, surf our website of Santhan Textiles.