Types Of Piston Rings And Their Usage

By Author: Gaurav
Total Articles: 14
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In many engineering machines, piston plays a crucial role in helping the engine in the working process. However, to maintain the engine’s efficiency, it’s crucial to maintain accuracy during the manufacturing period. Further, it’s essential to design some of the main components of the piston carefully.

What is the use of the piston ring?
Piston rings are used to seal the combustion chamber. It’s set with accuracy so the correct pressure can apply to the cylinder wall. So, there could be proper film or lubrication across the surface to protect the liner against wear. The primary function of these rings is to seal the majority part of the combustion gases. So, your engine can get the maximum power. However, any weakening or failure of the ring means the engine isn’t working efficiently.

The primary function of the piston rings are as follows:

1). It helps in sealing the combustion chamber to minimize the gas loss to the crankcase.

2).These rings also help in improving heat transfer between the piston and the cylinder wall.

3).Further, ...
... it maintains the proper lubrication between the piston and the cylinder wall.

4).It also helps regulate engine and oil consumption by ditching oil from the cylinder walls and sending it back to the sump.

Classification of The Piston Ring

Piston rings are classified into three categories- the top compression ring, the intermediate compression ring, and the oil control ring. However, these rings are relatively small in size. But they play a significant role in the central part of the cylinder block of the engine.

The Compression Ring

The compression ring’s main purpose is to seal most combustion gases so your engine can receive maximum power output. It is situated in the piston’s first grooves. However, these rings’ primary function is to transfer heat from the main piston to the piston walls.
However, in this case, the oil is maintained by shearing the left oil layer over the oil ring, which allows enough lubrication in the compression ring. Further, it helps in providing the seal in the combustion ring and heat transfer.

Wiper Ring

The intermediate ring below the compression ring is called a wiper ring, Napier ring, or backup compression ring. The wiper ring’s main function is to clean the excess oil from the liner surface and perform as the support backup ring by stopping the gas leakage that
escaped from the compression gas.

Many wiper rings are designed in a taper angle face that is pointed towards the bottom. So when the piston moves in the crankshaft direction, the wiper ring can perform the wiper action.
However, if the wiper ring is accidentally installed in the wrong direction, then the maximum oil will be high in the compression ring as it would transfer the excess oil toward the combustion chamber.

Scraper rings/oil control

The oil control piston rings are located at the bottom of the wiper rings. It helps in controlling the lubricant oil that passes down the cylinder walls. Even these rings help in evenly spreading the oil around the surface of the liner. These rings are also known as scraper rings as they splashed the oil onto the cylinder walls.
These rings don’t allow the oil to pass from the surface of the ring and the cylinder. However, in the oil rings, slots or holes are formed in the radial center to allow excess oil to transfer back to the reservoir.

How is the piston pin helpful in the piston?

Well, piston pins also play an important role in the manufacturing process. It helps transfer the combustion of fuel-air-mixture from pistons to the crankshaft by converting it into kinetic energy.
The piston pin linked the piston to the connecting rod. It is made of numerous materials. However, the most common material is steel. First, the steel is cast as the steel bars and wires, which are then hardened and manufactured piston pins.

The India Piston Ring has been into manufacturing the top class piston rings, cylinder sleeves and different types of engine parts. It has been making the types of parts of the engine and also its subparts, for a number of decades now, using the best in class and state-of-art technology to manufacture the products.